What’s a Good Argument?
1 Reason 1. Students who want well-paying careers upon graduation should train themselves to be computer programmers. Most cities are full of advertisements for computer programmers.
1 Reason 2. By the study of different religions we find that in essence they are one. All are concerned with revelations or breakthrough experiences that can redirect lives and empower them toward good.
2 Reason 3. I am not pro-abortion at all. I think that people nowadays use abortion as an easy form of birth control. It’s also against my religion.
1 Reason 4. Guns kill people; that’s why handguns should be banned.
1 Reason 5. Deep fat frying can greatly increase the calories of foods such as fish, chicken, and potatoes. Therefore, it is better to bake, boil, or steam foods.
2 Reason 6. “It is important that individual citizens equip themselves with a baloney detection kit to determine whether politicians, scientists, or religious leaders are lying – it’s an important part of becoming a citizen of the world.” (Carl Sagan)
3 Reason 7. America should put a freeze on immigration. Its first duty is to take better care of its own disadvantaged, poor, and unemployed.
0 Reason 8. America boasts about its wealth and prosperity as the world’s most competitive economy. Yet its citizens are told there is not enough money for health care, environmental protection, for parks, safety nets for the poor and elderly, or public funding for the arts. Isn’t there something wrong with this picture?
3 Reason 9. “If nothing happened, if nothing changed, time would stop. For time is nothing but change. It is change that we perceive occurring all around us, not time. In fact, time doesn’t exist.” (Julian Barbour, British physicist)
2 Reason 10. I don’t drink because alcohol gives me a brief high followed by a longer depression.
Chapter 10 SUMMARY
Fallacies:
What’s a Faulty Argument?
A fallacy is something that is not true. Fallacies are intentional manipulation and can present itself as reasonably sound when in truth, it is not. There are three types of Fallacies of Trickery. Trickery with Language includes word ambiguity, misleading euphemisms and prejudicial language. Trickery with Emotions includes Appeal to Fear, Pity, False Authority, Bandwagon and Appeal to Prejudice. Trickery with Distraction involves Red Herring, Pointing to Another Wrong, Straw Man and Circular Reasoning.
Chapter 10 Exercise page 279
Identify the ambiguous words in the following sentences by underlining the words.
All ingredients in this ice cream are natural and nutritious.
These pies are made from locally grown cherries and have that old-fashioned country taste.
Ace aspirin provides relief up to eight hours.
Ida Insect Spray helps fight mosquitoes.
Tony’s Tonic helps you feel and look ten years younger.
You can save as much as 1 quart of oil a day.
Wear a jacket that has the feel of leather.
Cults enslave people.
The federal government has too much power.
You should be willing to do anything for love.
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